Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) protocol

Implemented on hosts and gateways (routers) for:
  • Reporting the status of datagram processing.
  • Diagnostics of connection and routing.
  • Reporting errors in the processing of a datagram.

    Example: ping

    Example: traceroute 
    /usr/sbin/traceroute -I eden.rutgers.edu
traceroute to eden.rutgers.edu (128.6.68.10), 30 hops max, 38 byte packets
 1  192.168.5.240 (192.168.5.240)  0.693 ms  0.624 ms  0.607 ms
 2  ar01-eng-hill.runet.rutgers.net (128.6.238.65)  1.247 ms  1.068 ms  1.052 ms
 3  ar03-hill012-hill.runet.rutgers.net (172.28.3.101)  1.421 ms  1.428 ms  1.782 ms
 4  eden-in.rutgers.edu (128.6.68.10)  0.966 ms  0.915 ms  0.883 ms
    Time to leave (TTL) decrement

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